Microsoft SQL Server comes in various editions, each with a specific set of features and capabilities. The Standard and Enterprise editions are two of the most commonly used. The key difference lies in the level of performance, scalability, and advanced features. Standard edition is generally more cost-effective and suitable for smaller deployments or projects with less demanding requirements. It's a good choice for applications with moderate data volumes and less complex queries. Enterprise edition, on the other hand, is designed for large-scale deployments, high transaction volumes, and complex data warehousing scenarios. It offers advanced features like Always On Availability Groups, enhanced security options, and more robust performance capabilities. Choosing the right edition depends on the specific needs of your application, including the expected data volume, query complexity, and scalability requirements. Consider factors like the number of users, the amount of data, and the anticipated growth when making your decision.